Passage

Matthew 15

Verses 10–20 WEB Voices

Jesus turns from the Jerusalem challengers to the crowd: defilement is not what enters the mouth but what comes out of it. When the disciples report Pharisaic offense, He speaks of unplanted plants, blind guides, and—answering Peter—evil that proceeds from the heart. Unwashed hands do not defile; the heart’s overflow does.

Matthew 15:10

10He summoned the multitude, and said to them, “Hear, and understand.

Arminian

Jesus calls the people and demands hearing with understanding. Truth is offered in public, not locked inside elite debate.

Arminians rejoice that the crowd is invited to grasp the word. Grace enables attentive hearing; hearers remain responsible to understand and obey.

Reformed

The Messiah summons the people and commands comprehension. Revelation is given in speech that expects understanding.

Christ opens the lesson to the flock. What He teaches about purity will judge both leaders and disciples under the Father’s purpose.

Matthew 15:11

11That which enters into the mouth doesn’t defile the man; but that which proceeds out of the mouth, this defiles the man.”

Arminian

Defilement is relocated from diet ritual to speech that reveals the person. Mouths that wound, lie, and curse mark uncleanness more than unwashed hands at a meal.

Grace calls for heart-deep repentance, not only cleaner customs. We are responsible for what we speak because speech flows from who we are.

Reformed

Jesus overturns a purity logic centered on intake. What exits the mouth defiles because it exposes the person before God.

True uncleanness is moral and spiritual. Christ redefines purity by the Word so that human fences lose their pretended power.

Key contrast Both deny that food-hand rituals are the defilement. Arminians stress a grace-enabled responsibility to purify speech and heart; Reformed interpreters underline Christ’s authoritative relocation of defilement to what proceeds from the person under God’s verdict.

Matthew 15:12

12Then the disciples came and said to him, “Do you know that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this saying?”

Arminian

The disciples worry about offense. Truth has landed hard on religious pride, and they report the fallout.

Not every offense is a failure of love. Sometimes the gospel must unsettle false security so hearers can turn.

Reformed

Offense is noted, not treated as proof that Jesus erred. The Pharisees stumble over His saying.

Christ’s word divides. Where tradition has been idolized, clarity feels like insult, yet the stumbling is revelatory.

Matthew 15:13

13But he answered, “Every plant which my heavenly Father didn’t plant will be uprooted.

Arminian

Unplanted plants will be rooted up. Religious systems God did not plant have no future.

Wesleyan Arminians hear both warning and hope: grace invites people out of false plantings into the Father’s field. Remaining in what God did not plant is a culpable choice.

Reformed

The Father’s planting is the criterion. What He has not planted faces uprooting.

Comfort: the church’s security is divine planting, not institutional age. God will clear His garden; human religion without His planting cannot stand.

Key contrast Both affirm that only the Father’s planting endures. Arminians typically urge a responsible turning from false religion into God’s field; Reformed commentators stress God’s sovereign uprooting of what He never planted.

Matthew 15:14

14Leave them alone. They are blind guides of the blind. If the blind guide the blind, both will fall into a pit.”

Arminian

Jesus says every plant his Father did not plant will be uprooted. Leave them alone” is tragic permission: blind guides leading the blind toward a pit. Following such leaders is not neutral.

Grace still calls disciples to refuse blind leadership. Responsibility includes discerning guides by the Word, not by credentials alone.

Reformed

Christ names them blind guides and predicts a shared fall. Leaving them alone is judgment as much as strategy.

False shepherds and followers alike meet the pit. The Son protects His own by exposing guides who cannot see.

Key contrast Both take blind leadership with deadly seriousness. Arminians press the hearer’s duty to refuse blind guides; Reformed readers underline Christ’s judicial handing-over of blind leaders and those who follow them.

Matthew 15:15

15Peter answered him, “Explain the parable to us.”

Arminian

Peter asks for explanation. Even disciples need the saying opened; humility seeks light.

Asking is faith’s posture. Grace meets learners who admit they do not yet understand.

Reformed

Peter represents the Twelve’s need for interpretation. The “parable” of defilement requires Christ’s own gloss.

Understanding is gift through the Teacher. Left to themselves, even apostles misread purity.

Matthew 15:16

16So Jesus said, “Do you also still not understand?

Arminian

Jesus’ question stings: “still not understand?” Privilege has not yet produced clarity.

Arminians find a prod to grow. Assisting grace has been present; remaining dull is not excused by proximity to Jesus.

Reformed

The rebuke exposes lingering dullness in the inner circle. Revelation has been given; comprehension lags.

Christ teaches patiently yet honestly. Understanding of the heart’s corruption must still be granted and received.

Matthew 15:17

17Don’t you understand that whatever goes into the mouth passes into the belly and then out of the body?

Arminian

Food’s path is temporary and physical. What enters the mouth does not reach the moral center.

Do not load the conscience with digestive rituals as if they cleaned the soul. Grace frees for holiness.

Reformed

Jesus walks through ordinary physiology to dismantle ritual fear. Intake is processed and expelled; it is not the seat of defilement.

Creation’s processes are not the theater of uncleanness. Moral impurity lies elsewhere, where the Word aims.

Matthew 15:18

18But the things which proceed out of the mouth come out of the heart, and they defile the man.

Arminian

Speech proceeds from the heart. Defilement is sourced inwardly before it is heard outwardly.

Arminian readers press heart repentance. Grace enables a new spring so the mouth can bless; hearers remain responsible for cultivated speech.

Reformed

The heart is the fountain. What the mouth emits reveals what rules within, and that revelation defiles.

The problem is deeper than manners. Only a renewed heart—God’s work—can cleanse the stream.

Key contrast Both locate defilement in the heart’s overflow through the mouth. Arminians typically stress grace-enabled heart change and responsible speech; Reformed readers emphasize that a corrupt heart must be renewed by God’s sovereign grace before the mouth is clean.

Matthew 15:19

19For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, sexual sins, thefts, false testimony, and blasphemies.

Arminian

Jesus catalogs evils that begin as thoughts and blossom as acts and words. The list is personal and social, private and public.

This inventory leaves no room for self-congratulation over clean hands. Grace calls for confession across the whole list.

Reformed

The heart emits a catalog that matches the Law’s moral weight. Evil thoughts stand first; deeds and tongues follow.

Total corruption is not exaggeration here. The list proves why ritual washing never reached the plague.

Matthew 15:20

20These are the things which defile the man; but to eat with unwashed hands doesn’t defile the man.”

Arminian

The verdict is plain: these heart-evils defile; unwashed hands do not. Jesus frees consciences from a false burden and binds them to true holiness.

Classical Arminians celebrate liberty for obedience. Grace removes man-made yokes so people can fight sin.

Reformed

Christ closes the lesson with a sharp contrast. Moral evils defile; the elders’ handwashing does not.

The Law’s true aim is recovered. Purity is about the heart God must change, not the water tradition required.

Key contrast Both free disciples from handwashing as defilement and bind them to heart holiness. Arminians typically emphasize responsible pursuit of purity under grace; Reformed interpreters emphasize that only God’s work in the heart answers the defilement Christ names.

Historic quotes

Voices from both camps

What earlier interpreters on each side wrote about Matthew 15:10–20.

Arminian Notable voices

“Let them alone - If they are indeed blind leaders of the blind; let them alone: concern not yourselves about them: a plain direction how to behave with regard to all such. Luke vi, 39. Are ye also yet without understanding - How fair and candid are the sacred historians?”
John Wesley · Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (on Matt 15:10–20)

Reformed Notable voices

“Here Christ turns to those who are ready to receive instruction, and explains more fully the truth at which he had formerly glanced, that the kingdom of God does not consist in meat and drink, as Paul also teaches us, (Romans 14:17;) for, since outward things are by nature pure, the use of them is free and pure, and uncleanness is not contracted from the good creatures of God. It is therefore a general statement, that pollution does not come from without into a man, but that the fountain is concealed within him.”
John Calvin · Commentary on a Harmony of the Evangelists (on Matt 15:10–20)

Quotations lightly abridged for length; wording follows standard English translations of the sources named.

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